Ethical and moral issues in business

Ethical and moral issues in business Ethics and morals may seem similar to many, but basically they are different. Morals are more related to an individual’s character and behavior. On the other hand, ethics describes ways in different societies and other social set ups practically use these personal values. Alternatively, ethics can be defined as expectations by a certain group or by the society from its members.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Ethical and moral issues in business specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Different persons have different morals as well as ethics depending on the environment in which they live. In a business set up, issues related to ethics are based on an individual’s good conduct or misconduct in relation to the workplace expectations (McHenry, 2003, p. 1). All employers require their employees to be morally upright; failure to which they have the right to expel them from work. Business ethics are, therefore, bas ed on norms that should be exercised in a group of individuals while moral values are based on human behavior more important in determining what is wrong and what is right. Business managers are usually very strict with ethical issues. They often find suitable solutions to any unethical related problems to avoid failures in business institutions. Most businesses today are failing as a result of unsuitable solutions to problems concerning ethics. Many managers find it difficult to handle ethical problems because of the relationship they may be having with their employees where they are dependent on certain employees to the point of being unable to act appropriately to workplace misconduct (Gallagher, 2010, p.1). Similarly, an individual with good moral values interacts well with other groups and the community at large. In the same way, people who lack good character traits find it difficult to conduct themselves well in a group of people. In other words, morality influences the ethic s of an individual. Different people have different views and beliefs on ethics that a person should have. Because of this reason, many business corporations set up codes of conduct that the employers are supposed to follow and practice (McHenry, 2003, p. 1).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More These codes consist of both business ethics that are generally expected in a workplace and specific personal moral values which would lead to good behavior by the employees. Good moral values are necessary in business management and leaders. However, the application of these values in businesses and personal lives has never been practiced equally. This occurs when even the morally upright persons in the society ignore the expected ethics in their places of work with the notion that it will not hurt anyone. Many people, therefore, do not mix their personal lives with business mat ters. Business ethics and personal moral values may even clash at times where the expectations of the employer are too much and not favoring an individual’s morality (Gallagher, 2010, p.1). The desire to obtain quick money by most businessmen causes them to have unseasonable demands to their employees which may be stressful to the point of consuming the employees’ time that they are supposed to spend with their families and children. All employers should consider the moral values of their employees when making the codes of conduct in their work place to suit everybody’s needs. In cases of profession, an individual’s moral values may differ with the work ethical issues. For instance, a defense lawyer, just like any other person, will consider murder a wrong doing from his personal morals. Law ethics, however, require that all accused individuals be defended in court no matter how guilty the lawyer may think the accused is. Moral and ethical values of an in dividual are very important both in the society and in any kind of business. Employees should adhere to the codes of conduct that are expected of them by their employers. Personal moral values should as well be practiced in businesses and in the society. Good ethical values are deep rooted from an individual’s upbringing. People with good morals, therefore, find it easy to follow ethical codes in business corporations as well as in the society.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Ethical and moral issues in business specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Reference List Gallagher, C. (2010). Business ethics and fraud prevention. Retrieved from https://chuckgallagher.wordpress.com/category/business-and-personal-ethics/ McHenry, P. (2003). What is business ethics? Retrieved from https://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-business-ethics.htm

Zebulon Pike and His Expeditions to the West

Zebulon Pike and His Expeditions to the West The soldier and explorer Zebulon Pike is remembered for two expeditions he led to explore territory acquired by the United States in the Louisiana Purchase. It is often assumed he climbed Pikes Peak, the Colorado mountain named for him. He did not reach the peaks summit, though he did explore in its vicinity on one of his expeditions. In some ways, Pikes western voyages are second only to Lewis and Clark. Yet his efforts have always been overshadowed by nagging questions about the motivations for his journeys. What was he trying to accomplish by trekking around in the previously unexplored West? Was he a spy? Did he have secret orders to provoke a war with Spain? Was he simply an adventurous Army officer seeking adventure while filling in the map? Or was he actually intent on trying to expand the limits of his nations boundaries? Mission to Explore Western Territories Zebulon Pike was born in New Jersey on January 5, 1779, the son of an officer in the U.S. Army. When he was a teenager Zebulon Pike entered the army as a cadet, and when he was 20 years old he was given an officers commission as a lieutenant. Pike was posted at several outposts on the western frontier. And in 1805 the commander of the U.S. Army, General James Wilkinson, gave Pike the assignment of traveling northward up the Mississippi River from St. Louis to find the rivers source. It would later be revealed that General Wilkinson harbored dubious loyalties. Wilkinson was commanding the U.S. Army. Yet he was also secretly receiving payments from Spain, which at the time had vast holdings along the southwest frontier. The first expedition on which Wilkinson dispatched Pike, to find the source of the Mississippi River in 1805, may have had an ulterior motive. It is suspected that Wilkinson may have been hoping to provoke a conflict with Britain, which at the time controlled Canada. Pikes First Western Expedition Pike, leading a party of 20 soldiers, left St. Louis in August 1805. He traveled into present-day Minnesota, spending a winter among the Sioux. Pike arranged a treaty with the Sioux and mapped much of the region. When winter arrived, he pressed forward with a few men and determined that Lake Leech was the source of the great river. He was wrong, Lake Itasca is the actual source of the Mississippi. There were suspicions that Wilkinson didnt really care what the real source of the river was, as his real interest was to sent a probe northward to see how the British would react. After Pike returned to St. Louis in 1806, General Wilkinson had another assignment for him. Pikes Second Western Expedition The second expedition led by Zebulon Pike remains puzzling after more than two centuries. Pike was sent westward, again by General Wilkinson, and the purpose of the expedition remains mysterious. The ostensible reason Wilkinson sent Pike into the West was to explore the sources of the Red River and the Arkansas River. And, as the United States had recently acquired the Louisiana Purchase from France, Pike was apparently supposed to explore and report on the lands in the southwestern portion of the purchase. Pike began his mission by acquiring supplies in St. Louis, and word of his upcoming expedition leaked out. A detachment of Spanish troops was assigned to shadow Pike as he moved westward, and perhaps even stop him from traveling. After leaving St. Louis on July 15, 1806, with Spanish cavalry apparently shadowing him from a distance, Pike traveled to the area of present-day Pueblo, Colorado. He tried and failed to climb the mountain that would later be named for him, Pikes Peak. Zebulon Pike Headed for Spanish Territory Pike, after exploring in the mountains, turned southward and led his men toward Spanish territory. A detachment of Spanish troops found Pike and his men living in a crude fort they had built of cottonwood trees on the banks of the Rio Grande. When challenged by the Spanish soldiers, Pike explained that he believed he was camping along the Red River, within territory belonging to the United States. The Spanish assured him he was on the Rio Grande. Pike lowered the American flag flying over the fort. At that point, the Spanish invited Pike to accompany them to Mexico, and Pike and his men were escorted to Santa Fe. Pike was questioned by the Spanish. He stuck to his story that he believed he had been exploring within American territory. Pike was treated well by the Spanish, who transported him and his men onward to Chihuahua and eventually released them to return to the United States. In the summer of 1807, the Spanish escorted him to Louisiana, where he was released, safely back on American soil. Zebulon Pike Returned to American Under a Cloud of Suspicion By the time Zebulon Pike returned to the United States, things had changed dramatically. An alleged plot devised by Aaron Burr to seize American territory and set up a separate nation in the Southwest had been uncovered. Burr, the former vice-president, and killer of Alexander Hamilton had been charged with treason. Also implicated in the alleged plot was General James Wilkinson, the man who had sent Zebulon Pike on his expeditions. To the public and many in the government, it appeared that Pike may have played some  shadowy role in the Burr conspiracy. Was Pike really a spy for Wilkinson and Burr? Was he trying to provoke the Spanish in some way? Or was he secretly cooperating with the Spanish in some plot against his own country? Instead of returning as a heroic explorer, Pike was forced to clear his name. After he proclaimed his innocence, government officials concluded that Pike had acted loyally. He resumed his military career and even wrote a book based on his explorations. As for Aaron Burr, he was charged with treason but acquitted at a trail at which General Wilkinson testified. Zebulon Pike Became a War Hero Zebulon Pike was promoted to major in 1808. With the outbreak of the War of 1812, Pike was promoted to general. General Zebulon Pike commanded American troops attacking York (now Toronto), Canada in the spring of 1813. Pike was leading the assault on the heavily defended town and the withdrawing British blew up a powder magazine during their retreat. Pike was struck by a piece of stone which broke his back. He was carried to an American ship, where he died on April 27, 1813. His troops had succeeded in capturing the town, and a captured British flag was placed under his head just before he died. The Legacy of Zebulon Pike Considering his heroic actions in the War of 1812, Zebulon Pike was remembered as a military hero. And in the 1850s settlers and prospectors in Colorado began calling the mountain he encountered Pikes Peak, a name which stuck. Yet the questions about his expeditions still remain. There are numerous theories about why Pike was sent into the West, and whether his explorations were really missions of espionage.

Markets and Morals- Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Markets and Morals- - Essay Example The skeptics argue that there is the welfare of the society cannot be made by charging exorbitant prices during hard times. If there is social welfare to be considered, it should factor in the pain and suffering to the customers who buy those who may buy such high priced products. In their argument, some people cannot afford and hence may opt just to stay and die since the products and services are out of their means. They also argue that free markets are not always free under certain conditions. For instance, when the hurricane hit Florida, the need to have a safe shelter is no longer a freedom of choice. They are under duress to have such kind of products hence unethical to claim that the market is free Drafting soldier implies enlisting them whereby the candidates are chosen on the ground of suitability. On the other hand, hiring means having a lottery where the desired number is selected to join the military services. There are two ways whereby soldiers can be recruited. One is where the soldiers would be picked by the government to serve the public through a lottery system, and the other one is where there is a voluntary choice of joining the army where attractive salary packages. Volunteering, according to utilitarian, will be unjust to the civil obligations which require everyone to serve the nation. On the other hand, it is unjust since it may not be free as some candidates cannot find better engagements owing to the inadequacy of skills. In any effect, it may not produce the best candidates as compared to the coercive process. According to Libertarians, sometimes the economic conditions might not allow one to choose for the army position. The jobs might be so restricted whereby there is no option for free will since one need to have the economic engagement in order to live. Libertarian have objection argues that it should be treated as civil obligation for the citizens have a duty to serve

Argument for a Current Political Issue Research Paper

Argument for a Current Political Issue - Research Paper Example The rate of unemployment, mortgages, housing, insurance, and manufacturing, among other sectors, are some of the key areas that affect the U.S economy. The European colonization between the 16th and the 18th centuries was the root of the U.S history. In 1776, 13 small farming economies integrated themselves to form one, and they formed the United States economy (Lattimer, p7). The growth of the U.S economy was accredited to high productivity, a legal system which was supportive and the availability of a market which was large and unified. The United States economy is the world’s largest national economy. The $2 trillion difference between its GDP and that of the EU makes it the world’s second largest overall economy.The high levels of capital investment and research, the overall GDP growth rate and the moderate rate of unemployment make the U.S economy to be a mixed economy (DeNavas-Walt, Proctor, Bernadette & Smith, Jessica p25). As of 2011, the GDP of the United State s was estimated to be about $15 trillion dollars with a per capita GDP of $48,328. The per capita income of the U.S is the sixth highest in the world and this makes it to be one of the world’s wealthiest nations. ... S is extremely active. In terms of market capitalization, the New York Stock Exchange is the largest in the world (DeNavas-Walt, Bernadette, & Smith, 48). The economy of the U.S is controversial because any alterations to it will result to a ripple effect in the whole country. The economy determines the investment, the health care, the education system, the security of the country, and every other sector. The economy is the back bone of the country and this is the main reason why it is a political issue that causes controversy and much debate especially during election times as witnessed recently in the presidential elections. There are two parties that are involved in the political tussle of the economy. These two parties are umbrellas of the interest groups and the key politicians involved; the Democrats and the Republicans. Below is an outline of the stand that both the Democrats and Republicans have taken on the economy. The Democrat Stand On the issue of minimum wage, the democr ats support a higher minimum wage with increases on a more regular basis. The six state ballot initiative to increase the minimum wage were all passed by democrats in congress in 2006, a move that shows their support of higher minimum wages (DeNavas-Walt, Proctor, Bernadette & Smith, Jessica p22). Education is also a pertinent issue of the economy. In this case, college education is the central issue. Democrats have a long term goal of providing low-cost college education that has been subsidized by the public for the purpose of lowering tuition fees. This can be achieved by increasing the state funding for student financial aid. The democrats have divergent opinions on the issue of trade agreements. The liberal part of the democrats supports globalization while

Why hunting is positive for the environment Essay Example for Free

Why hunting is positive for the environment Essay Hunting can be used in many different ways that all have a positive effect on the environment. Hunting is helpful in many positive ways to keep the environment clean and healthy. Hunting has been used since the beginning of time and has always been here. Throughout the years, there have been many different groups of people that are pro-hunting and many different groups that have been against hunting. Since hunting began, many of the people who are pro-hunting has kept the environment clean and healthy. Hunting has many positive effects on the environment that are beneficial. Some of these benefits include but are not limited to the large economic benefit to the wildlife conservation through hunting equipment taxes, hunting license sales, and usage fees. Other benefits of hunting is all the money that is spent yearly by hunters on equipment, hunting trips, and guide services. Hunters also contribute highly to keeping the environment clean and healthier by donating and contributing large sums of time and money to hunter run conservation groups that work to help increase natural wildlife habitats and populations (Hunting Benefits 1). An environment that is considered to be â€Å"good† would be one that involves situations of activities that maintain wildlife at current levels. Which means hunting is positive for the environment because the hunting community helps ensure that the wildlife populations of all the different types of game is kept in good conditions and can be proven to survive from this generation to the next (Gibbons 1). This means that hunters have to keep a variety of natural habitats to be kept intact, unpolluted, and undisturbed by unnatural forces. All of which hunters support these efforts (Gibbons 1). Wildlife hunting in all aspects plays a major role in helping keep the environment as clean and natural as possible; therefore, hunting should be permitted with rules and regulations. Hunting has helped the environment financially. Hunting benefits the environment financially by providing many different ways to help raise money to help keep the environment clean and natural. An environment that is considered to be â€Å"good† would be one that involves situations of activities that maintain wildlife at current levels. Which means hunting is positive for the environment because the hunting community helps ensure that the wildlife populations of all the different types of game is kept in good conditions and can be proven to survive from this generation to the next (Gibbons 1). This means that hunters have to keep a variety of natural habitats to be kept intact, unpolluted, and undisturbed by unnatural forces. All of which hunters support these efforts (Gibbons 1). Keeping natural habitats as clean, natural, and undamaged as possible is a very important fact of having a sustainable place to hunt. Hunters are not the only people that are looking for environments clean and healthy like these. By providing ecosystems like these from hunting, it brings more revenue from other activities to help the natural world. Some of these activities include ecologists dependency on the environments for research. Hikers, bird-watchers, and wildflower viewers prefer habitats that are uncontaminated and full of wild living things (Gibbons 1). Even though most hunters and other groups do not prefer to share the same habitats, it gives an immense variety of wildlife seekers to have a common goal of healthy outdoors (Gibbons 2). Many people who are against hunting provide different ways that hunting is negative but hunting provides very strong financial aid to keeping the environment healthy. Hunting not only provides a way for natural food, but also gives much financial aid to having clean ecosystems. â€Å"The money hunters spend on their hunting licenses is pumped back into programs that help protect and enhance wildlife and the environment. If hunting is well regulated, as sports or recreational involvement, there are no major affects to the species, if anything it may help bring back species from the edge of extinction. Many wildlife managers view sport hunting as the principal basis for protection of wildlife (Blogspot 1). † The money that hunters have spent on the items that they buy to use to hunt is put back into organizations that help benefit the environment. Regulated hunting has more of a positive effect on the environment than it does detrimental and actually helps animal populations as a form of protection. â€Å"Hunting is a business in and of itself; in 2001 alone 13 million people in the U. S. went hunting and spent more than 20 billion dollars (Hunting Benefits 2). † This is stating that left alone, hunting is a highly successful and lucrative business. Hunting has benefited the environment sanitarily. Many different types of hunting cover nearly all ecosystems, keeping them natural and safe. There are many different organizations that work to keep the environment clean from pollution and other harmful things. Many hunters volunteer and work independently to keep the environment safe and clean. Hunters do more than just kill animals, they keep the environment safe for everyone including the animals. Hunting is one of the most effective ways to a clean environment. â€Å"This negative view of hunter’s ethics is wrong; in reality hunting is an essential conservation tool (Hunting Benefits 3). † If hunting were to be illegal, the world would lose one of the biggest conservation tools it has to offer. Hunting has helped benefit the environment by keeping the populations of animals in balance. On a national average, nearly 1. 5 million deer are hit every year causing billions of dollars in damage to vehicles and making insurances rise (Deer 1). When there is an overpopulation of deer or other animal in the woods, they begin to move out of their home in search for food. This could mean either going out of the area in the woods that they live in and going to other parts and staying out of human contact or as what has occurred before is the animals moving into areas that are populated by humans and being killed and causing accidents. By hunting the deer and keeping their populations in check, it helps keep the deer from migrating out of their forest homes and wandering into suburban areas in search for food (Deer 1). This is potentially dangerous for humans because when accidents begin to happen by hitting the deer, people can either be seriously injured or killed in some cases. With the proper rules and regulations in place, wildlife hunting plays a major role to help keep the environment clean, healthy, and as natural as possible. Killing animals for sport or just to be able to hang trophies on the wall is cruel and unethical. By killing animals for food and to keep the populations in balance is a good thing and keeps a healthy food chain in the environment. Hunting can help benefit the environment in many different ways. It keeps it clean and prosperous.

Healthy People Cannot Give Blood Essay -- Health

Everyone has seen the horror movie narrative time and time again. One person watches someone they love be put into a horrifying circumstance while being nothing but a helpless bystander, watching through a window or a television screen. Watching the bystander is almost as tragic as watching the victim, as the innate compulsion of a human to help others is relatable and recognizable to everyone. Unfortunately, there is a community in today’s world that is prevented from helping fellow humans in a simple act of charity some may take for granted: giving blood. Current United States policy bans homosexual men from being blood donors, regardless of testing and other standard procedures, such as testing blood for transmittable diseases and administering extensive questionnaires regarding risk factors of blood-borne illnesses (American Red Cross, 2012). This policy preventing men who have sex with other men (MSM) from donating blood should be modified, as advancements in technology h ave eliminated the high safety concern that once made the policy the best logical solution for safe blood transfusion (US Department of Health and Human Services, 2009). Policies restricting blood donors cover a wide range of potential issues with the blood supply. For the most part, these policies are very logical and give a greater piece of mind to those receiving blood; however, the policy regarding homosexual men is both outdated and illogical. As outlined on the United States Food and Drug Administration’s website (2009), no man who has had sex with another man since 1977, regardless of protective barriers or number of partners, may donate blood at any point after intercourse. Many people are unaware of this policy; it has not received attention in the... ...eller, A. J. (2010, December). No evidence of a significantly increased risk of transfusion-transmitted human immunodeficiency virus infection in Australia subsequent to implementing a 12-month deferral for men who have had sex with other men. Transfusion, 50(12), 2722-2730. doi:10.1111/j.1537-2995.2010.02793.x Thrasher, S. W. (2009). Blood, sex, and the FDA. Advocate, (1032), 50-53. The Constitution of the United States. Amendment 1. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, (2009). Blood donations from men who have sex with other men questions and answers. Retrieved from U.S. Food and Drug Administration website: http://www.fda.gov/biologicsbloodvaccines/bloodbloodproducts/questionsaboutblood/ucm108186.htm Waters, A. (2011). FROM THE HEART. Nursing Standard, 25(29), 24-25. (2012). In American Red Cross. Retrieved March 29, 2012, from http://www.redcross.org/

How to Become a Lawyer Essay

Career Description: * Criminal lawyers have the same basic duties as other lawyers. * First, they advise their clients of their legal rights and responsibilities, as well as any potential problems. * Second, they represent their clients before the courts. Third, they research rules, regulations, and previous cases. * Finally, they prepare legal documents. In each case, lawyers interpret the law and apply it to specific situations. In the courtroom, criminal lawyers act on one of two â€Å"sides:† the defence or the prosecution. * Defence attorneys represent people who have been charged with criminal offences (for example, murder or theft) by making a case that supports their clients’ innocence. * On the other hand, prosecuting attorneys—usually called Crown attorneys or Crown counsel—act for the government on behalf of the public. They form cases against defendants by convincing juries to view the facts as evidence of guilt. * Both prosecuting and defence attorneys are respon sible for preparing their cases before and during the trial. Education & Training: To become a lawyer, you must attend law school and complete a law degree. Before applying to law school, you must complete at least 2 years of undergraduate studies at university (except in Quebec, where you can get into law school straight from a CEGEP). However, because the admission process is extremely competitive, most applicants have at least a bachelor’s degree. Bachelor’s degrees usually take 4 years to complete. To get into law school you need very good marks. You almost always need to write an aptitude test called the Law School Admission Test (LSAT) as well. After graduating from law school, you still need to work for approximately 1 year as an articling student, under the direction of licensed lawyers (fortunately, you usually get paid for this part) before you can become a licensed lawyer. Then you have to successfully complete the bar admission program, including classes and exams, which several weeks to several months to finish.

Business ethics Essay

The role that ethics plays in strategic management has changed drastically in the last 20 years. It was rare to find companies that had ethics in the forefront of their management plans in the 1990s. Business was all about maximizing profit/shareholder equity. Incidents like Enron’s bankruptcy caused a big change in management style. â€Å"Enron’s failure in 2001 represents the biggest business bankruptcy ever while also spotlighting corporate America’s moral failings. † (Silversmith, 2013) That spotlight showed a moral environment fraught with greed and shortsightedness where long term growth for companies was concerned. New government regulations on business make it more important that the Board of Directors, CEO and CFO takes more responsibility for how they run the company. Shareholders are also demanding more of the leaders of businesses. For a time, shareholders did not pay attention to how the company was run as long as they received their dividends. Now they are are much more aware. Many people were hurt financially by the bankruptcies and re-valuations of those companies with questionable practices. Pursuit of profits is no longer the main emphasis for many companies. The emphasis is now on ethical issues including environmental, employee satisfaction, and consumer satisfaction. â€Å"Ethics and integrity are at the core of sustainable long term success. † Says Richard Rudden, managing partner at Target Rock Advisors in New York State. â€Å"Without them, no strategy can work, as Enron demonstrated, enterprises will fail. That is despite having some of the ‘smartest’ guys in the room. † Another area that was affected by the lack of corporate ethics was the mortgage industry. Regulations were relaxed, and some larger banks took it as a chance to make a lot of money very quickly. They wrote bad loans for people that could not pay. Using sub-prime methods led to a lot of people that could not afford to buy a home getting mortgages. When they could not pay, the banks found is financially more advantageous to foreclose rather than try to work with the borrowers. They are still doing that to this day, even with government mandated refinance programs. Unfortunately, some people/organizations take longer to learn a lesson than others. References Silversmith, K. (2013, May 14). Enron, Ethics and Todays Corporate Values. Retrieved from Forbes. com.

Critical factors that made the Capetian dynasty so powerful Essays

Critical factors that made the Capetian dynasty so powerful Essays Critical factors that made the Capetian dynasty so powerful Paper Critical factors that made the Capetian dynasty so powerful Paper Essay Topic: Claim Of Fact History There are several factors to be considered when discussing the consolidation of the powers of the Capetian Kings. This essay seeks to outline and discuss three critical factors that made the Capetian dynasty so powerful. These include; marketing the image of kingship through anointing, agricultural development and the importance of succession. The first of the influential powers, which marked out kings, was their anointment. The Church consecrated the king; the ointment using holy oil, the kings where seen to act as a bridge between God and the people a king would be the chosen one of God. This einforced the religious image of the monarchy. The dukes of Francia were undeniably kings, along with all the prestige this brought. The Capetians above all other European monarchs integrated spirituality into their self-image the kings were marked out to rule. Louis VI and Louis VII made themselves into the most Christian kings. French kings received noticeably better reviews than other monarchs of their time, adored by their people. The capetians certainly used their ties to the Church to their advantage. The kings claimed to possess powers of miracles; the water Robert the Pious (996-1031) had ashed his hands with cured a beggar of his blindness. These type of tales created hysteria, fascination and the kings where seen as cult figures. The kings where becoming more beloved by the common people. To them, the Kings were their only protectors. This religious image proved extremely beneficial. Developments such as these strengthened the position of the kings. The second main influence when considering the power of Capetian Kings and definitely a related development throughout this period is the great agricultural production. The apetian initially controlled only the duchy of France (Paris and Orleans) but owing to a shrewd and persistent policy of annexation their jurisdiction progressively extended to other regions. This, for the first time now could convert the latent fertility of the soils of northern France, and especially in the Ile-de-France, into great wealth. The Ile-de-France was the centre of the kings domain, the land was relatively small but of significant importance, with an excellent location surrounding cultural Paris- the capital of western Europe- accessible transport links and the University- attracting many students. This gave the king the opportunity to tax this popular area, thus creating revenue. This localized area was the basis to rapid grow and future expansion of agricultural expansion and trade. This was seen to be an economic revolution with the expansion of lands, fairs and markets, tools and mills. With climatic changes and rapid advanced farming techniques saw the demand in economic developments. Its manifestations varied from region to region, and time scales ere widely different, but overall it is clear that by the time of Philip 1s reign land clearance was increasing, villages and monastric communities expanding, long-distance trade growing as the demand for luxury goods gradually increased, local markets multiplying and coinage circulating widely in much of France. The demand led to land clearing. The pressure of an expanding population and the stimulus of better agricultural techniques now caused lan d to be cleared and reclaimed from the forests for farming. The final factor but just as important as to the consolidation of powers of the Capetians as family and dynasty became so strong is due to succession particularly fortunate as well as clever. The capetians had the infinite advantage of being a long-lived clan. Aside from Hugh Capet himself the first of seven Capetian kings to all rule for over twenty- five years a piece- as well as Philip I reigning for almost half a century. This was the beginning of the succession from father to son; the continuation of succession was vitally important which kept a certain loyalty within the family. The throne was unlikely to be challenged. They also had the good fortune and shrewd match-making-and-breaking to secure themselves and their male heirs. The royal policy of crowning the son in his Fathers lifetime was carried out extremely smoothly. One place the Capetians certainly did find difficulty in maintaining their position was in the indisputable fact that their house had usurped the throne from existing Carolingians. Without a break in the succession, however, it became increasingly difficult to foresee a return to the old bloodline, especially with some judicious marriages on the part of the capetians. The old 4 History Of Medieval Europe p189. 5 France In Middle Ages regime confirmed a central fact about the way the capetians saw themselves, the capetians genuinely saw themselves to be legitimate successors to his title, especially as time went on. Survival, despite the precarious situation of the late tenth century, was something, which was becoming more and more certain as the dynasty progressed. The capetians as a family and as a dynasty became so strong due to many factors but land holdings, anointment and succession all demonstrate the crucial role in which they played n the development of their powers and of the dynasty. All were well thought out and very clever. The increase of agricultural development converted into genuine wealth and prosperity. The shrewd thinking and aggressive tactics of succession securing themselves and their heirs to the throne and the importance of anointment and their connections to the Church had on developing their reputations and popularity. All three factors clearly demonstrate and provide support in the consolidation of the powers of the capetian kings.

The History of Skyscrapers

The History of Skyscrapers The first skyscrapers- tall commercial buildings with  iron or steel frameworks- came about in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The Chicago Home Insurance Building, completed in 1885, is generally considered the first modern skyscraper, although it was only 10 stories high. Later, taller and taller buildings were made possible through a series of architectural and engineering innovations, including the invention of the first process to mass-produce steel. Today, the tallest skyscrapers in the world approach and even exceed heights of 2,000 feet. Skyscraper History A skyscraper is a tall commercial building with an iron or steel framework.  They were made possible as a result of the Bessemer process of mass production of steel beams.  The first modern skyscraper was created in 1885, the 10-story Chicago Home Insurance Building.Early extant skyscrapers include the 1891 Wainwright Building in St. Louis and the 1902 Flatiron Building in New York City.   First Skyscraper: Chicago Home Insurance Building The first tall building supported by structural steel was the Chicago Home Insurance Building, which was finished in 1885. The building was 10 stories tall and reached a height of 138 feet. Two additional stories were added in 1891, bringing the height to 180 feet. The building was demolished in 1931 and replaced with the Field Building, an even taller skyscraper with 45 stories. Early Skyscrapers The Flat Iron Building, NYC. Barry Neal/Getty Images Although the first skyscrapers were relatively small by todays standards, they marked an important turn in urban construction and development. Some of the most notable early skyscrapers were: Tacoma Building (Chicago): Constructed using a riveted iron and steel frame, the Tacoma Building was designed by the major architectural firm Holabird Root.Rand McNally Building (Chicago): The Rand McNally Building, completed in 1889, was the first skyscraper built with an all-steel frame.The Masonic Temple Building (Chicago): Featuring commercial, office, and meeting space, the Masonic Temple was completed in 1892. For a time it was the tallest building in Chicago.Tower Building (New York City): The Tower Building, completed in 1889, was the first skyscraper in New York City.American Surety Building (New York City): At 300 feet tall, this 20-story building broke Chicagos height record when it was completed in 1896.New York World Building (New York City): This building was home to the New York World newspaper.Wainwright Building (St. Louis): This skyscraper, designed by Dankmar Adler and Louis Sullivan, is famous for its terracotta facade and ornamentation.Flatiron Building (New Yor k City): The Flatiron Building is a triangular, steel-frame marvel that still stands in Manhattan today. In 1989, it was made a National Historic Landmark. Mass Produced Steel Allows Construction of Skyscrapers Henry Bessemer. clu/Getty Images Construction of skyscrapers was made possible thanks to Henry Bessemer, who invented the first process to mass-produce steel inexpensively. An American, William Kelly, had held a patent for a system of air blowing the carbon out of pig iron, but bankruptcy forced Kelly to sell his patent to Bessemer, who had been working on a similar process for making steel. In 1855, Bessemer patented his own decarbonization process, utilizing a blast of air. This breakthrough opened the door for builders to start making taller and taller structures. Modern steel today is still made using technology based on Bessemers process. While â€Å"the Bessemer process† kept Bessemer’s name well-known long after his death, lesser known today is the man who actually employed that process to innovate the first skyscraper: George A. Fuller.  In the 19th century, construction techniques called for outside walls to carry the load of a building’s weight. Fuller, however, had a different idea. He realized that buildings could bear more weight- and therefore soar higher- if he used Bessemer steel beams to give buildings a load-bearing skeleton on the inside of the building. In 1889, Fuller erected the Tacoma Building, a successor to the Home Insurance Building that became the first structure ever built where the outside walls did not carry the weight of the building. Using Bessemer steel beams, Fuller developed a technique for creating steel cages that would be used in subsequent skyscrapers. The Flatiron Building  was one of New York Citys first skyscrapers, built in 1902 by Fullers building company. Daniel H. Burnham was the chief architect. Taller buildings were also made possible by the invention of the electric elevator in 1883, which reduced the amount of time it took to travel between floors, and the invention of electric lighting, which made it easier to illuminate larger spaces. Chicago School of Architecture Many of the earliest skyscrapers were built in an architectural style that came be known as the Chicago School. These steel-frame structures often featured terra cotta exteriors, plate glass windows, and detailed cornices. Architects associated with the Chicago School include Dankmar Adler and Louis Sullivan (who designed the Old Chicago Stock Exchange Building), Henry Hobson Richardson, and John Wellborn Root. Buildings in the Chicago style were built in places as far away as Florida, Canada, and New Zealand.

Management environment of Kuwait Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Management environment of Kuwait - Assignment Example This paper illustrates that management environment is how the management programs of an organization are organized in a systematic and comprehensive manner. It includes the structure of the organization, the resources, and the planning for developing, implementation and maintenance of a better maintenance policy for the well-being of the organization in question. The management environment is aimed at ensuring a smooth running of planning, organizing, leading, and controlling in the organization. It is upon the management to see to it that the organization reaches its goals and objectives, to ensure that it maintains a competitive advantage. It is important for organizations to join collaborations and keep good relationships with other countries. Most of the organizations in Kuwait are complex and it is for the managers to manage and reduce complexity to structure organizations. It is an acronym for strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. The strengths and weaknesses are i nternal factors while opportunities and threats are external factors. It is an important tool to audit and analyze the strategic position of the business and its overall environment. It is aimed at identifying the best strategies capable of aligning the organizational resources and capabilities to the environmental requirements of the firm’s operation. It is aimed at evaluating the internal potential and limitations and the probable opportunities and threats that originate from the external environment. It is able to view all the positive and the negative factors both inside and outside the firm that affects the success of the organization. Studying the environment is capable of forecasting the changing trends and helps in the decision making of the organization. It is a concept that is evident in the marketing principles. It enables companies to enable the tracking of the environment in which they are operating in or are planning to venture in. It is an acronym for political , economic, social, technological, legal and environmental factors often use it. It ensures that the business environment is viewed from various angles that one needs to keep track while contemplating on the idea or plan in question. It is crucial for an industry since it defines what the company should do and accounts for the goals and strategies of the organization.

Why study the humanities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Why study the humanities - Essay Example They complete the degrees to make their parents happy but pursue a very different career path where their passion lies. This leads to time wastage and wasting of resources. These parents could have used that money to enroll their children in courses that the students’ desire be it humanities or sciences. Thus, it is important to study humanities due to various reasons. One of them is the ability to understand the diverse cultures of various individuals. It is evident that in the various working stations of individuals, you will find people from various cultural backgrounds. It is important to understand the way of life of such individuals to enable a good working relationship to ensue. Humanities help us understand that there are diverse cultures, values, and beliefs of individuals that need to be respected to avoid conflicts. It enables us to have an imagined way of life created by the different minds thus helping us understand how individuals in different cultural backgrounds live. Humanities also awaken the imagination of individuals enabling them to think critically and independently. From this imagination, individuals are able to develop their creativity. Various works of arts are works of imagination. Imagine watching a play and you feel so connected with it. You feel as if what is happening in the play is happening in real life. That is the works of creativity and that is what learning humanities help to achieve. That movie that you love a lot or that song that you love; it was written and created by a humanity student. Therefore, if individuals think that learning humanities is not important, they should try to figure out what they would do without their favorite music or movie to help them unwind after a very long day. Learning humanities is also important since it allows individuals to learn the cultures of different individuals across the globe. It would be unfortunate to travel to a country that values